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Sunday, 23 December 2012

ES 1 - Introduction


Topic 1 - Introduction
Environment
-          Conditions & circumstances around organism
-          Social and cultural conditions tat affect individual/community
Environmental science
-          Systematic study of environment and our place
-          Integrate physical & biological science
Importance
-          Pollution, water crisis, natural disaster, global environmentalism
Global Environmentalism
-          International communication
-          Leader:
o   Wangari Maathai (Kenya)
o   Yu Xiaogang (China)
o   Muhd. Yunus (India)
o   Gro Brundtland (Norway)
Rich-Poverty Gap
-          World Bank estimate >1.4 billion poverty (<$1.25 / day)
-          Poverty:
o   Victim & agents of environmental degradation
o   To meet present survival needs at long term sustainability
o   Continues over generations (malnourished / ill)
o   Cannot work productively & raise healthy children
Religious Traditions
-          Ethical & moral values
-          Stewardship (taking care of resources)
Environmental ethics
-          Moral obligations to the world around us
Worldviews
-          Basic beliefs & understandings shaping the world we see. (determines what questions are valid)
Moral extensionism
-          Grant moral value to animals, plants
Value
-          Measure worth of something
-          Inherent value
o   Instrinsic right to exist (innate worth)
-          Instrumental value
o   Worth for their use / value
Sustainability
-          Wealthy nation consume inordinate share & produce pollution
-          US 4.6% population; 25% oil; 50% toxic wastes
-          If China population = American consumption, will need 4 planets
-          Economic Progress:
o   In 50 yrs Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increase $2 trillion to $22 trillion
o   Since WWII, avr. income of 3rd world country doubled, life expectancy increase 30%
-          Meeting present needs w/o considering future needs
-          Benefits must open to all
-          Economic growth plus political stability, democracy, eco distribution
-          Argument:
o   Continual growth is impossible, limited nonrenewable resources & waste absorb capacity
o   Possible, with techno & social organization for long-term growth (but finite)


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